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	<title>Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture &#187; Aaron D. Wolf</title>
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	<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org</link>
	<description>Your home for traditional conservatism.</description>
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		<title>Sexualizing Children: NBA Edition</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/04/30/sexualizing-children-nba-edition/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/04/30/sexualizing-children-nba-edition/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 15:35:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ellen degeneres]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jackie robinson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jason collins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nba]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[si]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sports illustrated]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8813</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The national celebration of sodomy continues thanks to <i>Sports Illustrated</i>'s new cover story featuring the first "major sport" athlete to come out of the closet while still an active player.]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The national celebration of sodomy continues thanks to <em>Sports Illustrated'</em>s <a href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/magazine/news/20130429/jason-collins-gay-nba-player/" target="_blank">new cover story</a> featuring the first "major sport" athlete to come out of the closet while still an active player.  Jason Collins, a seven-foot-tall black man, writes his own "coming out" story in the current number of SI, along with several other pieces by writers who see this as a Jackie Robinson moment not to be missed.  Collins is the perfect icon for the "new normal" because he's not only black but not particularly effeminate—that is, not recognizably "gay" according to the common stereotype.</p>
<p>Yesterday's pop media was abuzz with the story (on the story), and left-wing sports jocks around the country screamed at callers that the very belief that homosexuality is a sin is bigotry.  The talk-radio scenario, repeated all day, got especially dicey when African-American men called in, self-identified as Christian, and denounced the coming-out celebration and its supposed connection to Jackie Robinson.</p>
<p>Naturally, daytime's Peter Pan <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRi_BGyc3b4&amp;feature=player_embedded" target="_blank">Ellen DeGeneres was thrilled</a> at the news, applauding Collins for being a "very brave man."  Then she said something particularly interesting: "Because of you, there's a little boy playing basketball right now who knows he can be who he is and still play the sport he loves."</p>
<p>What exactly is her point?  Collins, as mentioned, is not a flouncing fairy.  So he can't be a "role model" for little boys who want to act like little girls while at the same time (incongruously) dreaming of playing pro-basketball.  I'm not sure what age range qualifies in Miss DeGeneres's reckoning as "little boy," but it isn't unreasonable to hope that a "little boy" would not be thinking about the mechanics of gay sex or even some more vague sense of being attracted to other little boys, considering that normal "little boys" are not sexually attracted to little girls.</p>
<p>But getting children to think about gay sex is exactly the result of this propaganda push, and those children will "be what they are" (boys and girls) unless preyed upon by these degenerates who crave acceptance and affirmation at all costs.</p>
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		<title>Neocon 101: Art of the Pooh-Pooh</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/03/07/neocon-101-art-of-the-pooh-pooh/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/03/07/neocon-101-art-of-the-pooh-pooh/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2013 18:50:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chronicles Blog]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8646</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>That stalwart set at <em>National Review</em> known as "The Editors" has done what it always does to a genuinely conservative display in the halls of power.  Far from a radical denunciation, which may invite a more thoughtful reading of events and sentences, they've <a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/342375/rand-paul-s-drone-war-editors" target="_blank">taken to light pooh-poohing</a>.  Rand Paul is providing "great entertainment," and "We salute his brio."  Yet <em>please</em>, they snortle: Drones are "suddenly the world's most feared weapon"?  And just imagine the absurdity of a drone strike on Americans "at cafes"!  (Paging Janet Reno!)  Obviously, obviously a President who ordered such an attack would be impeached.  Senator Paul is "tilting at drones" and "fighting a phantom menace."</p>
<p>Reading that pooh-pooh reminded me of a key passage from Sam Francis's "Neoconservatism and the Managerial Revolution" (collected in his indispensable book <em>Beautiful Losers</em>):</p>
<p>"Neoconservatism rejected all forms of extremism and all suggestions of a need for far-reaching change. . . . Moderation, gradualism, empiricism, pragmatism, centrism became the watchwords of neoconservatism, whereby confrontation with the fundamental mechanisms and tendencies of the managerial system and fundamental changes suggested by either the Right or the Left were avoided.  In the neoconservative view of America, there was nothing seriously wrong with the society and government that had developed between the New Deal and the Great Society, and it was the goal of neoconservatives to communicate the soundness of the managerial system to the adversary intellectuals of the Left and to co-opt the militant activists of the New Right."</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That stalwart set at <em>National Review</em> known as "The Editors" has done what it always does to a genuinely conservative display in the halls of power.  Far from a radical denunciation, which may invite a more thoughtful reading of events and sentences, they've <a href="http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/342375/rand-paul-s-drone-war-editors" target="_blank">taken to light pooh-poohing</a>.  Rand Paul is providing "great entertainment," and "We salute his brio."  Yet <em>please</em>, they snortle: Drones are "suddenly the world's most feared weapon"?  And just imagine the absurdity of a drone strike on Americans "at cafes"!  (Paging Janet Reno!)  Obviously, obviously a President who ordered such an attack would be impeached.  Senator Paul is "tilting at drones" and "fighting a phantom menace."</p>
<p>Reading that pooh-pooh reminded me of a key passage from Sam Francis's "Neoconservatism and the Managerial Revolution" (collected in his indispensable book <em>Beautiful Losers</em>):</p>
<p>"Neoconservatism rejected all forms of extremism and all suggestions of a need for far-reaching change. . . . Moderation, gradualism, empiricism, pragmatism, centrism became the watchwords of neoconservatism, whereby confrontation with the fundamental mechanisms and tendencies of the managerial system and fundamental changes suggested by either the Right or the Left were avoided.  In the neoconservative view of America, there was nothing seriously wrong with the society and government that had developed between the New Deal and the Great Society, and it was the goal of neoconservatives to communicate the soundness of the managerial system to the adversary intellectuals of the Left and to co-opt the militant activists of the New Right."</p>
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		<title>Left-Wing Christians: A Failed Tradition</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/02/20/left-wing-christians-a-failed-tradition/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/02/20/left-wing-christians-a-failed-tradition/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 05:21:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chronicles Blog]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8596</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>Tom Piatak has trained his sights on Garry Wills and emptied a large-capacity clip into him.  Be sure to read this excellent piece <a href="http://www.crisismagazine.com/2013/the-strange-world-of-garry-wills" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tom Piatak has trained his sights on Garry Wills and emptied a large-capacity clip into him.  Be sure to read this excellent piece <a href="http://www.crisismagazine.com/2013/the-strange-world-of-garry-wills" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>Civil Unions and Kissing Cousins</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/01/03/civil-unions-and-kissing-cousins/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2013/01/03/civil-unions-and-kissing-cousins/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 20:52:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[In Print]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[September 2011]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Gay Marriage"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bo duke]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil unions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[daisy duke]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[illinois law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kissing cousins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[luke duke]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8543</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[From the archives: Aaron Wolf points out the hypocrisy in Illinois' civil-unions legislation. Is there love that can be denied?]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don’t care what you’ve read here or elsewhere: There’s still some serious discrimination going on in the Land of Lincoln.</p>
<p>No, I’m not talking about poor Governor Rod, whose peers sent him up the river, or poor Governor Ryan, who is still up spit creek and being denied parole.  I’m talking about love.</p>
<p><span id="more-8543"></span>We don’t live in a theocracy, mister.  This ain’t the Dark Ages.  You should be free to love whomever you want to love.  America is about equality.  They used to lynch black people at picnics.</p>
<p>As reported in these pages last month, thanks to the Illinois Religious Freedom Protection and Civil Union Act, a man can <em>union</em> a man, a woman can <em>union</em> a woman, and, just to be fair, a woman can <em>union</em> a man.  (The “religious freedom” part means churches, synagogues, mosques, and Indians are free to choose whether or not to solemnize such unions.  Illinois is very tolerant.)  No, it’s not same-sex “marriage,” according to the state’s Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, for that would be “contrary to the public policy of this State.”  You may not use the <em>m</em>-word.</p>
<p>But the fact is, the bill Governor Quinn signed (with the exquisite short title CIV PRO-DEATH OF PARTY) provides that, for all Land of Lincoln purposes, a civil union means “the obligations, responsibilities, protections, and benefits afforded or recognized by the law of Illinois to spouses.”  Furthermore, when it comes to dissolving one of them, CIV PRO-DEATH simply refers the reader or lawyer to the Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, “Sections 401 through 413.”</p>
<p>So close it is in substance to the <em>m</em>-word that CIV PRO-DEATH’s indefatigable author and sponsor, State Rep. Greg “Crocodile Rock” Harris (D-Chicago), says he doesn’t have plans to pursue further “marriage equality” legislation.  Bo and Roscoe can <em>union</em> each other, pass on the General Lee or Flash one to the other without a will upon a partner’s death, and visit each other in the Hazzard Co. Hospital, no matter what Uncle Jesse or Boss Hogg says.</p>
<p>But folks, the discrimination has not ended.  Because the fact remains that Bo and Luke cannot be together—not the way two of Cupid’s victims of the same or opposite sex can, who don’t suffer from the new Love That Dare Not Speak Its Name.  I refer, of course, to cousin incest.</p>
<p>But wait, you say!  That’s disgusting.  Well, may I remind you that homosexuality was once thought unspeakable?  That the day-before-yesterday’s taboos are yesterday’s hot topics on <em>The View</em> and today’s subjects for public-school kindergartners?</p>
<p><a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/dukes-love.jpg"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-8544" title="dukes-love" src="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/dukes-love.jpg" alt="" width="350" height="350" /></a>Indeed, why do you find it disgusting?  Because that’s not <em>your</em> preference?  Do you think that, given our puritanical society’s history of discrimination, lynching, and <em>homo</em>cide, two male cousins would just <em>choose</em> to be attracted sexually to each other?  Are you really going to say to another free, consenting adult that he could just as easily find another member of his own sex who is not a relative to love?  Or send him to some brainwashing camp, Ted Haggard style, so they can suppress his natural desire and turn him into a suicidal alcoholic?</p>
<p>It’s shocking, but there it is, in black and white, in this so-called victory legislation for “marriage equality,” under Section 25.  “The following civil unions are prohibited: [A] civil union between first cousins.”</p>
<p>So, Bo and Daisy, too.</p>
<p>In fact, for a certain courageous, persecuted minority, this bill is a step backward.  Why?  Because it’s even more stringent than Illinois law governing . . . marriage!  After all, the current <em>m</em>-word statute provides that, while your average first cousins may not marry, they may tie the knot when they turn 50, or if either Bo or Daisy provides “a certificate signed by a licensed physician” confirming that one of them “is permanently and irreversibly sterile.”</p>
<p>But when it comes to civil unions, which give couples the benefits “afforded spouses,” there is no provision, no exception whatsoever, for first cousins—of the same or opposite sex.</p>
<p>Now, the puritans will argue that the marriage law makes sense: We don’t want to burden the state with the mutant offspring of Bo and Daisy.  Fine.  (Though even that should be enough to tweak the tentacles of a Planned Parenthood apologist, as it ever so subtly suggests that the purpose of marriage, at least before menopause, is the bearing of children.)</p>
<p>But what about Bo and Luke?</p>
<p>I mean, let’s face it, you don’t have to be Richard Dawkins to know that neither of those fruits, er, neither of those trees will bear fruit.  So what does it hurt anybody?</p>
<p><em>That’s just not what a civil union is,</em> you say.  That is unnatural.  Everyone knows <em>that’s</em> wrong.</p>
<p>Well, may I remind you that Bo and Luke don’t think it’s wrong, nor countless other same-sex cousins who are trembling in their closets, afraid of the lynch mob.  And if you say homosexual-cousin incest is unnatural, then what is your standard for “natural”?  Reason?  Sociology?  Yesterday’s consensus on what a “family” should look like?  What gives you the right to define marriage, or virtual marriage, as something that excludes first cousins?  Tradition?  Your claim that truth is objective?  Your narrow-minded, historical Christianity?</p>
<p><em>—Aaron D. Wolf</em></p>
<p><em>This article was first published in the September 2011 issue of</em> Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture.</p>
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		<title>Handgun Culture</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/12/27/handgun-culture/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/12/27/handgun-culture/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 17:37:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cultural Revolutions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[In Print]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8533</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The tragedy at Newtown, Connecticut, eclipsed the conversation about Jovan Belcher, handguns, and domestic violence—not to mention one elephant in the room that is not likely to get much media attention.  <i>(From the January 2013 issue of </i>Chronicles<i>.)</i>]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bob Costas fired off a lecture during prime-time NBC coverage of the NFL that outraged some political commentators and fans.  The speech was in response to a murder-suicide committed by Kansas City Chiefs linebacker Jovan Belcher, 25, who killed Kasandra Perkins, 22, the mother of his infant daughter, before kneeling, making the sign of the cross, and fatally shooting himself in the head outside of the Chiefs’ practice facility on Saturday, December 1.</p>
<p>Costas, the “voice of the Olympics,” is known for his melodramatic life-lessons commentaries following major sporting events.  But this time Costas, behind the mike for a special halftime commentary, established his <em>bona fides</em> by disparaging those who revel in cliché—“Something like ‘this really puts it all in perspective.’  Well, if so, that sort of perspective has a very short shelf-life, since we will inevitably hear about the perspective we have supposedly again regained the next time ugly reality intrudes upon our games.”</p>
<p>Here’s the ugly reality: Illegitimacy is rampant among NFL players, professional athletes in general, and the American public as a whole.  The same goes for cohabitation (shackin’ up).  Illegal in all states in 1970, cohabitation is now practiced by well over 60 percent of the U.S. population, at some point in their lives.  Indeed, says the journal <em>Vital Health Statistics</em>, “cohabitation is increasingly becoming the first coresidential union formed among young adults.”</p>
<p>What’s the big deal, you ask?  Just this: If you are a woman who is shacking up with your man (instead of tying the knot), you are twice as likely to be physically abused by him.  Or, as the Family Violence Research Program at the University of New Hampshire puts it, “the overall rate of violence for cohabiting couples is twice as high as for married couples.”  Conversely, as the <em>Journal of Family Violence </em>reports, “The lowest rate [of domestic violence] was found among married couples (19 percent).”</p>
<p>And it gets worse, because, the Family Violence Research Program adds, when it comes to cohabiting couples, “the overall rate for ‘severe’ violence is nearly five times as high.”  They are also far more likely to struggle with alcohol and drug addictions.</p>
<p>As if we needed more, researcher Brad Wilcox tells the <em>New York Times,</em> the data “suggests that cohabitation about doubles a child’s risk of negative outcomes like poor school performance, psychological problems, and delinquency/drug use.”</p>
<p>Friends say that, in addition to the trauma of multiple concussions, Jovan Belcher was addicted to narcotics and booze.  Bel­cher and Perkins had been living together (cohabiting), conceived a child, broke up, then reunited, residing in Belcher’s upscale house on Crysler Avenue along with Belcher’s mother.</p>
<p>On their last night on earth, the couple had been apart: He, partying in the Power and Light district in KC; she, attending a Trey Songz concert, reportedly her “first night out after having her baby,” enjoying such hits as “Say Aah” and “Panty Wetter.”  Police say that their three-month-old was apparently in the care of Belcher’s mother.</p>
<p>Police reports also indicate that Belcher slept at a(nother) “girlfriend’s” apartment, a fact they can testify to, since they found him drunk in his Bentley outside the building at 2:30 a.m. and told him to go inside.  Returning home at 6:30 a.m., Belcher accused Perkins of cheating on him with Trey Songz.  The couple argued, and, according to Belcher’s mother, the last words she heard her son say to the mother of his child were “You can’t talk to me like that!”  He emptied his entire clip into her.</p>
<p>Within the hour, a visibly remorseful Belcher would end his life in front of his coach, as police approached.</p>
<p>Those studies about cohabitation are not disputed: Dozens more, from a variety of university and domestic-violence researchers, concur.  Nonetheless, it takes real courage to call a spade a spade, to take a stand on national television and, in the wake of such a horribly violent crime, denounce the culture of cohabitation.  At the very least it would mean risking one’s street cred with NFL athletes, who might not be so eager to do the next exclusive sit-down with NBC’s premier sports-talker.</p>
<p>So instead Bob Costas mounted the pulpit and preached on “handgun violence.”  In so doing, he sanctimoniously cited at length an article by FOX Sports analyst Jason Whitlock, who has since distinguished himself by referring to the NRA as the KKK.</p>
<p>“How many lives have to be ruined before we realize the right to bear arms doesn’t protect us from a government equipped with stealth bombers, predator drones, tanks and nuclear weapons?” asks an incredulous Whitlock and a righteous Costas.  “Our current gun culture simply ensures that more and more domestic disputes will end in the ultimate tragedy.”</p>
<p>Unfortunately, it’s the cohabitation culture that translates into tragedy.  Don’t hold your breath waiting for Bob Costas or NBC to take that up.</p>
<p>—Aaron D. Wolf</p>
<p><em>This article was first published in the January 2013 issue of</em> Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture.</p>
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		<title>Breaking: Some Yahoo Wrote a Paper</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/09/19/breaking-some-yahoo-wrote-a-paper/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/09/19/breaking-some-yahoo-wrote-a-paper/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Sep 2012 19:20:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA["Gay Marriage"]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coptic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harvard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jesus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[married]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[my wife]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New York Times]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8205</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A scrap of papyrus contains the phrase "Jesus said to them, 'My wife . . . '" before ending unceremoniously with a fibrous tear.  And somehow, if the NYT and Harvard are to be believed, this changes everything.  And it does—if by everything we mean nothing at all.]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you've got a Facebook or Twitter feed (or a friend who mass-emails) you've probably heard that, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/us/historian-says-piece-of-papyrus-refers-to-jesus-wife.html?pagewanted=1&amp;_r=2" target="_blank">according to the <em>New York Times</em></a> and Harvard, Jesus Christ had a wife.  Proof came recently in the form of a tiny scrap of papyrus, written in Coptic and dated to the Fourth Century of the Common Era.  (I'm still not sure what's Common about the Era in which we live, but thank Zeus, we can at least pretend it has nothing to do with the Jesus about Whom we're still talking.)</p>
<p><span id="more-8205"></span>The scrap contains the phrase "Jesus said to them, 'My wife . . . '" before ending unceremoniously with a fibrous tear.  And somehow, if the NYT and Harvard are to be believed, this changes everything.  And it does—if by everything we mean nothing at all.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/papyrus.jpg"><img class="alignright size-full wp-image-8208" title="papyrus" src="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/papyrus.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="400" /></a>The occasion of this revelation by the NYT's Laurie Goodstein is the fragment's coming-out party on Tuesday at the International Congress of Coptic Studies in Rome, in the form of a paper by Harvard Divinity School's Karen L. King. It should come as no surprise that Prof. King is one of those gynder-studies gals and that "the discovery could reignite the debate over whether Jesus was married, whether Mary Magdalene was his wife and whether he had a female disciple."  Miz Goodstein informs us that "These debates date to the early centuries of Christianity, scholars say."  Oh, "but they are relevant today, when global Christianity is roiling over the place of women in ministry and the boundaries of marriage."</p>
<p>See? A little fragment from some heretical sect scribbled 300 years or so after Jesus lived can validate Chick Priests and Gay Marriage, right? And this is just the latest, SCHOLARS SAY, in a series of Big Finds by Scholars, that indicate a Raging Debate that has Raged and Roiled for centuries, right?</p>
<p>Take a quick gander at <a href="http://news.hds.harvard.edu/files/King_JesusSaidToThem_draft_0917.pdf">Professor King's paper</a>. Page one will suffice to show you the way this deceitful language finds its way into the left-wing depository that is Academia.</p>
<div title="Page 1">
<blockquote><p>the fragment does provide direct evidence that claims about Jesus’s marital status first arose over a century after the death of Jesus in the context of intra-Christian controversies over sexuality, marriage, and discipleship. Just as Clement of Alexandria (d. ca 215 C.E.) described some Christians who insisted Jesus was not married,1 this fragment suggests that other Christians of that period were claiming that he was married.</p></blockquote>
<p>A handy footnote attached to Clement of Alexandria says "See Stromateis III, 6.49."  If you do see that, you'll find that Clement of Alexandria is <strong>in no way</strong> addressing <em>whether</em> some Christians insisted Jesus was not married.  Instead he is combatting certain heretics who gave false reasons as to <em>why</em> Jesus was not married, at least in an earthly way.</p>
<blockquote><p>There are some who say outright that marriage is fornication and teach that it was introduced by the devil. They proudly say that they are imitating the Lord who neither married nor had any possession in this world, boasting that they understand the gospel better than anyone else. The Scripture says to them, "God resists the proud but gives grace to the humble." Further, they do not know the reason why the Lord did not marry. In the first place <strong>he had his own bride, the Church</strong>; and in the next place he was no ordinary man that he should also be in need of some helpmeet after the flesh.</p></blockquote>
<p>Again, this misrepresentation (lie) designed to create a false historical dilemma appears on page one of Scholar King's Groundbreaking World-Changing Paper.  It's the sort of academic navel-gazing nonsense that today's Ivy League divinity schools engynder, and upon which the likes of "the Luce Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst, and the Graves Foundation" <a href="http://www.hds.harvard.edu/people/faculty/karen-l-king" target="_blank">dump cartloads of money</a>.</p>
<p>Never mind the fact that the life of Jesus of Nazareth, and the literature attesting to Him, have been studied and debated long before Scholar Karen L. King entered the scene—indeed long before the so-called Quest for the "Historical" Jesus began.  (Incidentally, when a stupid film about the <em><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAiOEV0v2RM" target="_blank">Quest for the Historical Muhammad</a></em> gets made—by a Copt, no less—people die.)  Somehow today, a scrap smaller than a sheet of toilet paper proves that our Lord was married to a woman and, ergo, Christians should baptize sodomy and make women pastors.</p>
<p>Are you as glad as I am that today's scholars are so very objective in their pursuit of the truth?</p>
</div>
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		<title>Mormon Apocalypse, Pt. 2</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/08/31/mormon-apocalypse-part-2/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/08/31/mormon-apocalypse-part-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 31 Aug 2012 18:12:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2010]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[In Print]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[american exceptionalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cleon Skousen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[election 2012]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Glenn Beck]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GOP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mitt Romney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mormonism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Restoring Honor]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8111</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In response to the Republican National Convention, here's Part 2 of Aaron Wolf's analysis of American Exceptionalism as the fulfillment of Mormonism.  (From the November 2010 issue of <i>Chronicles</i>.)]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>When Glenn Beck</strong> took the podium at his Restoring Honor rally, he began by listing off the names of American heroes and identifying their motivation to fight for their country: “You cannot coexist with evil.”  If evil has reared its ugly head, an honorable man, like Washington and Lincoln, must stand and fight.</p>
<p>It’s a phrase that glimmers with righteous indignation.  You think of that masked molester with a gun shimmying through your daughter’s bedroom window, and you want to go blow his brains out.  Who tolerates evil?</p>
<p>“We have a choice to make today,” added Beck.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/smith-mountain.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-8112" title="Smith mountain" src="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/smith-mountain-300x300.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="300" /></a>Over the course of his 6,000-word altar call, he clarified what he meant.  As Americans, we must choose to exercise “faith, hope, and love.”  We must “pick up our stick” as Moses did, and stand for freedom.  We must not fall asleep like the disciples of Jesus at Gethsemane.  We must tithe at a church, synagogue, or mosque.  We must “pledge our lives and fortunes” to eliminating our national debt.  We must study the “sacred scriptures of our country”—the Constitution, the Gettysburg Address, “I Have a Dream.”  “This isn’t about one church or one faith over another; it is about the eternal principles of God.”</p>
<p>That last is an interesting contrast.  In another time, “denominational differences,” as Charlie Brown told Linus, tended to separate.  And there were even bigger heretics to fry when it came to the differences between “faiths” such as Christianity and Islam.  Or Christianity and Mormonism.</p>
<p>But Glenn Beck is a Mormon, and these “eternal principles of God” he espouses reflect that fact.  And for conservatives standing at the anxious bench on the Washington Mall, Beck was the one mediator between Mormon ideologue Cleon Skousen and man.</p>
<p>Like Beck’s, Skousen’s Mormonism is not the sort that publicly preaches that Jesus and Lucifer are brethren or that Elohim was once a mere mortal.  In <em>The 5,000 Year Leap: Twenty-Eight Great Ideas That Are Changing the World</em> (Glenn Beck’s favorite book) Skou­sen elaborates on a list of principles that, he claims, were cemented into the foundation of the United States.  They include “The United States of America shall be a republic” (no. 12) and “The unalienable rights of the people are most likely to be preserved if the principles of government are set forth in a written constitution” (no. 18).</p>
<p>The trouble is, Skousen claims that these ideas were derived by the Founding Fathers from the Bible, and <em>modus ponens</em>, the United States is God’s country.  “The United States has a manifest destiny to be an example and a blessing to the entire human race” (no. 28).</p>
<p>What’s so Mormon about all of this?  The above could have been said by any number of Christians who paint the Founding Fathers not as the wise, classically trained deists they were but as devout Bibliophiles.</p>
<p>And yet everything about this America-is-God’s-country ideology is Mormon to the core.  It serves as the false foundation of a religion that finds the center of human history not in the Incarnation, Cross, and Resurrection of Christ but in “another revelation of Jesus Christ” in the terrestrial “promised land” on which we stand.  It is Manichaean, declaring our external enemies evil and ourselves good, locating wickedness not in the hearts of sinful men but in the foes of a human government that will wither as the grass.  It is the religion of America—not the real, historical America, but the America of myth and fantasy.</p>
<p>“If we do these things,” Beck preached, “we will heal our nation.”  The phrase is reminiscent of 2 Chronicles 7:14, so often cited at rallies on the National Day of Prayer.  <em>If my people, which are called by my name, shall</em> . . . return to limited government (no. 19)?  Operate according to the will of the majority (no. 20)?  Be debt-free (no. 27)?  The assumption here is that Americans, like the Israelites of old, are uniquely “my [God’s] people.”  And that it is not “I the Lord” but “We the gods” who can “heal their land.”</p>
<p>Observers of American Christianity have noticed that, by and large, evangelicals no longer place much emphasis on America’s divine mission to protect and defend Israel.  Attendance at Christians-for-Israel conferences is down.  John Hagee and the <em>Left Behind</em> movies now evoke embarrassment.  The Bush Years are over.  America has “outgrown” dispensationalism.</p>
<p>All true, but there has also been a transference.  America’s divine mission is no longer the protection of Israel but the preservation of “freedom” here and abroad.  Muslims are no longer the enemy of Jews but the enemy of “our way of life.”  And conservative American Christians—Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox—are joining evangelicals in this new dispensationalism, as they did at the Restoring Honor rally (alongside “240 men and women from all faiths represent[ing] thousands of clergy”).  There they applauded a man who denies that Jesus is the eternal Son of God, as he invited them to “find out who God truly is.”</p>
<p><em>Read "Mormon Apocalypse, Part 1" <a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2010/10/07/mormon-apocalypse-part-1/" target="_blank">here</a>.</em></p>
<p><em>This article first appeared in the November 2010 issue of</em> Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture.<em>  To subscribe (12 issues for $19.99), click <a href="https://chronicles.magcs.com/subscribe" target="_blank">here</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>GOP: Adios, WASP!</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/08/28/gop-adios-wasp/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/08/28/gop-adios-wasp/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2012 20:05:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chronicles Blog]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8098</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>I'd be the last one to suggest that the Republican National Convention should be a bastion of Christian orthodoxy, and I'm sure no one goes there for the liturgy.  But still.  The schedule ought to tell us something about the "values" of the GOP, don't you think?  I mean <em>priorities</em>, what sort of <em>face</em> you want to show the world.</p>
<p>Several have already pointed out the fact that, should Romney-Ryan win in November, we'll have us the first dynamic White House duo in which neither is Protestant.  Yes, of course, none of us Prots should want to claim the Current Occupant, and it becomes a fun game if you go backwards down the list of PsOTUS with the Nicene Creed in your other hand and compare/contrast.  What I'm getting at is the symbolism.</p>
<p>To the point: There is not one single WASP scheduled to deliver a prayer at the 2012 Republican National Convention.  Forget the Anglo-Saxon part of the acronym: There's not one white Protestant scheduled to talk to God on behalf of the Republicans.  In fact, the only "P" on the list is the Rev. Sammy Rodriguez, "President of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference," a slicked-back Pentecostal holy roller who Tweets about what a bigot Sheriff Joe Arpaio is.  (Fun fact: Sammy's wife, "the Rev. Eva Rodriguez," offered the Benediction on Wednesday of 2008's Republican National Carnival.)</p>
<p>Tuesday kicks off with Rabbi Meir Soloveichik of New York City.  Wednesday opens with Ishwar Singh, a Sikh, and closes with His Eminence Methodios, Metropolitan of Boston.  And Thursday's opening bell comes from Ken and Priscilla Hutchins, Mitt Romney's friends who have likely received the Second Token of the Melchizedek Priesthood.  The affair will be brought to a close by His Eminence Timothy Cardinal Dolan.</p>
<p>Now I'm not trying to open a can of syncretistic worms, nor seeking a debate over prayers to the Triune God in a diverse room.  I'm just wondering: They couldn't find one Southern Baptist whose face they wanted on the jumbotron? Or some pastor from an Evangelical Free Church, or a Methodist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Episcopalian, Willow Creeker, Fundamental Baptist, etc., etc.?</p>
<p>You know, all those folks who represent the base?</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I'd be the last one to suggest that the Republican National Convention should be a bastion of Christian orthodoxy, and I'm sure no one goes there for the liturgy.  But still.  The schedule ought to tell us something about the "values" of the GOP, don't you think?  I mean <em>priorities</em>, what sort of <em>face</em> you want to show the world.</p>
<p>Several have already pointed out the fact that, should Romney-Ryan win in November, we'll have us the first dynamic White House duo in which neither is Protestant.  Yes, of course, none of us Prots should want to claim the Current Occupant, and it becomes a fun game if you go backwards down the list of PsOTUS with the Nicene Creed in your other hand and compare/contrast.  What I'm getting at is the symbolism.</p>
<p>To the point: There is not one single WASP scheduled to deliver a prayer at the 2012 Republican National Convention.  Forget the Anglo-Saxon part of the acronym: There's not one white Protestant scheduled to talk to God on behalf of the Republicans.  In fact, the only "P" on the list is the Rev. Sammy Rodriguez, "President of the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference," a slicked-back Pentecostal holy roller who Tweets about what a bigot Sheriff Joe Arpaio is.  (Fun fact: Sammy's wife, "the Rev. Eva Rodriguez," offered the Benediction on Wednesday of 2008's Republican National Carnival.)</p>
<p>Tuesday kicks off with Rabbi Meir Soloveichik of New York City.  Wednesday opens with Ishwar Singh, a Sikh, and closes with His Eminence Methodios, Metropolitan of Boston.  And Thursday's opening bell comes from Ken and Priscilla Hutchins, Mitt Romney's friends who have likely received the Second Token of the Melchizedek Priesthood.  The affair will be brought to a close by His Eminence Timothy Cardinal Dolan.</p>
<p>Now I'm not trying to open a can of syncretistic worms, nor seeking a debate over prayers to the Triune God in a diverse room.  I'm just wondering: They couldn't find one Southern Baptist whose face they wanted on the jumbotron? Or some pastor from an Evangelical Free Church, or a Methodist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Episcopalian, Willow Creeker, Fundamental Baptist, etc., etc.?</p>
<p>You know, all those folks who represent the base?</p>
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		<title>Arab Spring in Red-Hot Rockford Summer</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/06/18/arab-spring-in-red-hot-rockford-summer/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/06/18/arab-spring-in-red-hot-rockford-summer/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2012 16:54:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chronicles Blog]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=7631</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>You'da thought Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan was Barack Obama, the way Rockford's local news media <a href="http://www.wifr.com/home/headlines/Turkish_Prime_Minister_Makes_a_Stop_in_Rockford_159377435.html">fawned over him on Sunday</a>.  Yes, Captain Hijab made a super-secret stop in <em>Chronicles</em>' hometown early Sunday morning, on his way to the G20 Summit in Cabo.  Said <a href="http://flyrfd.com/airportadmin.html" target="_blank">Rockford Airport Director Mike Dunn</a>, "The entire delegation were just very very friendly and warm people."</p>
<p>This is what we've been reduced to, here in the land of dead factories and record unemployment: We rejoice that the re-Islamicizer of Turkey deigns to step foot in our airport.  The <a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2011/07/11/the-green-green-arab-summer-ii/" target="_blank">granddaddy of the Arab Spring</a>, who serves as a model for incremental Islamic revolution, is way-cool, just because he was nice to us while his jet was refueled.  What's more, "'They've asked us to extend an invitation to our mayor to perhaps visit Turkey with a trade delgation from here,' says Dunn."</p>
<p>I don't reckon the good folks of Turkey are interested in buying <a href="http://www.cheaptrick.com/" target="_blank">Cheap Trick</a> CDs, <a href="http://www.sockmonkey.com/Red_Heel_Socks.html" target="_blank">sock monkeys</a>, <a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2010/07/26/tea-bags-a-cautionary-tale/" target="_blank">public-school discrimination</a> memorabilia, or <em><a href="http://chroniclesmagazine.org" target="_blank">Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture</a></em>, so I doubt the deal will get done.  Truth is, if we really did make what we used to make, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Master-Inventor-Created-Multi-National-Corporation/dp/0979162203" target="_blank">which made Rockford the manufacturing capitol of the Midwest</a>, I doubt we'd be so enamored of flying Islamicists.</p>
]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You'da thought Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan was Barack Obama, the way Rockford's local news media <a href="http://www.wifr.com/home/headlines/Turkish_Prime_Minister_Makes_a_Stop_in_Rockford_159377435.html">fawned over him on Sunday</a>.  Yes, Captain Hijab made a super-secret stop in <em>Chronicles</em>' hometown early Sunday morning, on his way to the G20 Summit in Cabo.  Said <a href="http://flyrfd.com/airportadmin.html" target="_blank">Rockford Airport Director Mike Dunn</a>, "The entire delegation were just very very friendly and warm people."</p>
<p>This is what we've been reduced to, here in the land of dead factories and record unemployment: We rejoice that the re-Islamicizer of Turkey deigns to step foot in our airport.  The <a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2011/07/11/the-green-green-arab-summer-ii/" target="_blank">granddaddy of the Arab Spring</a>, who serves as a model for incremental Islamic revolution, is way-cool, just because he was nice to us while his jet was refueled.  What's more, "'They've asked us to extend an invitation to our mayor to perhaps visit Turkey with a trade delgation from here,' says Dunn."</p>
<p>I don't reckon the good folks of Turkey are interested in buying <a href="http://www.cheaptrick.com/" target="_blank">Cheap Trick</a> CDs, <a href="http://www.sockmonkey.com/Red_Heel_Socks.html" target="_blank">sock monkeys</a>, <a href="http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2010/07/26/tea-bags-a-cautionary-tale/" target="_blank">public-school discrimination</a> memorabilia, or <em><a href="http://chroniclesmagazine.org" target="_blank">Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture</a></em>, so I doubt the deal will get done.  Truth is, if we really did make what we used to make, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Master-Inventor-Created-Multi-National-Corporation/dp/0979162203" target="_blank">which made Rockford the manufacturing capitol of the Midwest</a>, I doubt we'd be so enamored of flying Islamicists.</p>
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		<title>The King James Bible at 400: Love&#8217;s Labor&#8217;s Lost</title>
		<link>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/06/08/the-king-james-bible-at-400-loves-labors-lost/</link>
		<comments>http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/2012/06/08/the-king-james-bible-at-400-loves-labors-lost/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Jun 2012 19:32:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Aaron D. Wolf</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[2011]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aaron D. Wolf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[In Print]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chroniclesmagazine.org/?p=8844</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>I was in seventh grade, and we were downstate for the annual Bible Bowl.  Our little fundamentalist school fielded a team every year.  We were the most conservative of fundamentalists, which mean that we were King James Only (affectionately KJVO).  Along with soulwinning and no syncopation, KJVO was proof to the world that we were not dirty liberal Southern Baptists.</p>
<p>That year, our subject was the Gospel of Mark.  Our team divided the book up, so that among us we had all 16 chapters memorized, right down to the snake-handling part in the end, which the New International Version (used by the dirty liberal evangelicals) set in italics, to indicate that it wasn't the Word of God.  Questions were fired at us over an ancient p.a. system, and we leapt to our feet to answer, causing a lamp to light and a buzzer to sound.</p>
<p>But our team wasn't sounding many buzzers, falling into dead-last place by halftime.  We broke for lunch, dejected.  Mr. Kobernat, our faculty advisor, started cracking jokes, as was his custom, to lighten the mood.  One wag among us looked up at him and said, plaintively, “Master, carest thou not that we perish?”  Everybody laughed.</p>
<p>We weren’t Quakers, and that wasn’t our everyday talk.  But Elizabethan English was a part of our everyday lives.  Our preachers, relatively uneducated when compared with Mainline clergy or even with the Southern Baptists and evangelicals, could speak fluent Elizabethan.  Every Wednesday night, at prayer service, they prayed in it.  Father, we thank Thee that Thou hast deigned to bless us . . .  They could read it at lightning speed, losing momentum only when approaching certain Hebrew names in the Old Testament.  One Arkansas evangelist, who preached regularly at our summer camp, read the “old-feyshun King James Bah-bul” at such a pace that we wondered how he could breathe.  His face was red, and he sweat, as it were, great drops of blood.</p>
<p>As we speak, that old-fashioned King James Bible is enjoying the 400th anniversary of its publication.  And though it will be properly fêted by scholars and panelists in divers academic settings, there is no denying that, apart from its place of honor among my KJVO friends, it has finally started to yield up the ghost.  And that is a shame, because the King James Version is, hardly arguably, the single-most influential book in the modern English-speaking world.  So much so that, while its liturgical use is all but lost, it still sways the imaginations of those who once heard it.</p>
<p>As most of us well know, the liberal powers that be took the King James Bible out of America’s public schools in the 1960’s.  For conservatives, that and the removal of teacher-led prayer were signs of the times.  Yet how many today, liberal or conservative, would recognize the fact that those two phrases—the powers that be, signs of the times—come to English directly out of the King James Bible (Romans 13:1, Matthew 16:3)?  The phrases feel familiar.</p>
<p>Matthew Norman, a columnist for the London Telegraph, writes not on religion but on “television, poker, and New Labour.”  That is reflected in the title of his March 18 column, “Please Let the Blairs’ Coitus Be Interruptus.”  (To drink freely from that well, see Derek Turner’s review in this issue.)  But Norman followed that up on the 25th with “The Police Have Become a Law Unto Themselves.”</p>
<p>In “Caribbean Junkets, Zeppelin Heads, Goldman Sachs and Mr. Magoo,” Bill Singer of Forbes.com wrote (April 19), “Which of those interrogating Senators didn’t accept campaign contributions or lobbying funding from Wall Street?  Which of those paragons of virtue returned all the filthy lucre from these now contemptible lowlifes?”</p>
<p>Featured on March 30 on the ABC News website, former Liberal Party (Australia) press secretary David Barnett opined of New South Wales Premier Barry O’Farrell, “His transformation from the bland all-things-to-all-men cloak-of-many-colours he has worn for the past four years to the determined, [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was in seventh grade, and we were downstate for the annual Bible Bowl.  Our little fundamentalist school fielded a team every year.  We were the most conservative of fundamentalists, which mean that we were King James Only (affectionately KJVO).  Along with soulwinning and no syncopation, KJVO was proof to the world that we were not dirty liberal Southern Baptists.</p>
<p>That year, our subject was the Gospel of Mark.  Our team divided the book up, so that among us we had all 16 chapters memorized, right down to the snake-handling part in the end, which the New International Version (used by the dirty liberal evangelicals) set in italics, to indicate that it wasn't the Word of God.  Questions were fired at us over an ancient p.a. system, and we leapt to our feet to answer, causing a lamp to light and a buzzer to sound.</p>
<p>But our team wasn't sounding many buzzers, falling into dead-last place by halftime.  We broke for lunch, dejected.  Mr. Kobernat, our faculty advisor, started cracking jokes, as was his custom, to lighten the mood.  One wag among us looked up at him and said, plaintively, “Master, carest thou not that we perish?”  Everybody laughed.</p>
<p>We weren’t Quakers, and that wasn’t our everyday talk.  But Elizabethan English was a part of our everyday lives.  Our preachers, relatively uneducated when compared with Mainline clergy or even with the Southern Baptists and evangelicals, could speak fluent Elizabethan.  Every Wednesday night, at prayer service, they prayed in it.  <i>Father, we thank Thee that Thou hast deigned to bless us</i> . . .  They could read it at lightning speed, losing momentum only when approaching certain Hebrew names in the Old Testament.  One Arkansas evangelist, who preached regularly at our summer camp, read the “old-feyshun King James <i>Bah</i>-bul” at such a pace that we wondered how he could breathe.  His face was red, and he sweat, as it were, great drops of blood.</p>
<p>As we speak, that old-fashioned King James Bible is enjoying the 400th anniversary of its publication.  And though it will be properly fêted by scholars and panelists in divers academic settings, there is no denying that, apart from its place of honor among my KJVO friends, it has finally started to yield up the ghost.  And that is a shame, because the King James Version is, hardly arguably, the single-most influential book in the modern English-speaking world.  So much so that, while its liturgical use is all but lost, it still sways the imaginations of those who once heard it.</p>
<p>As most of us well know, the liberal powers that be took the King James Bible out of America’s public schools in the 1960’s.  For conservatives, that and the removal of teacher-led prayer were signs of the times.  Yet how many today, liberal or conservative, would recognize the fact that those two phrases—<i>the powers that be</i>, <i>signs of the times</i>—come to English directly out of the King James Bible (Romans 13:1, Matthew 16:3)?  The phrases feel familiar.</p>
<p>Matthew Norman, a columnist for the London <i>Telegraph</i>, writes not on religion but on “television, poker, and New Labour.”  That is reflected in the title of his March 18 column, “Please Let the Blairs’ Coitus Be Interruptus.”  (To drink freely from that well, see Derek Turner’s review in this issue.)  But Norman followed that up on the 25th with “The Police Have Become <i>a Law Unto Themselves</i>.”</p>
<p>In “Caribbean Junkets, Zeppelin Heads, Goldman Sachs and Mr. Magoo,” Bill Singer of <i>Forbes.com</i> wrote (April 19), “Which of those interrogating Senators didn’t accept campaign contributions or lobbying funding from Wall Street?  Which of those paragons of virtue returned all the <i>filthy lucre</i> from these now contemptible lowlifes?”</p>
<p>Featured on March 30 on the ABC News website, former Liberal Party (Australia) press secretary David Barnett opined of New South Wales Premier Barry O’Farrell, “His transformation from the bland <i>all-things-to-all-men</i> <i>cloak-of-many-colours</i> he has worn for the past four years to the determined, even stern, leader who took the podium on Saturday evening is quite striking.”</p>
<p>One John Smith, a Las Vegas journalist who writes for the <i>Mesquite Local News</i>, summarized the position of opponents of recent antidrug legislation as follows: Because “changing the law would do little in the long run to stop the flow of the drug in the state—much of Nevada’s meth is imported from Mexico—the end result is that nothing more is being done on the front lines to <i>fight the good fight</i> against the proliferation of a devastating illegal drug.”</p>
<p>Phrases like “fight the good fight” (1 Timothy 6:12), “all things to all men” (1 Corinthians 9:22), “filthy lucre” (1 Timothy 3:3), and “a law unto themselves” (Romans 2:14) roll off the tongue, not as churchy talk but as cultivated English.  We know what it means to be <i>brokenhearted</i> and <i>kindhearted</i>.  We warn people to <i>judge not</i>.  We may even have watched Robert Duvall learn of <i>Tender Mercies</i> (1983).  These and countless other examples demonstrate the power of a sacred text to shape language; and as any poet knows, language shapes thought.</p>
<p>How this particular shaping came to be involves an interesting collision of theologies, politics, scholarship, ignorance, creativity, and—above all else—conservatism.</p>
<p>To begin, the King James Bible was not really meant to be a translation but a revision of the backward-looking Bishops’ Bible (1568).  The two warring factions who produced the King James were the Anglicans and the Puritans.  Both sides, as Protestants, agreed that Christians must be provided a translation of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue.  They also concurred that the <i>norma normans</i> of the text should be Hebrew and Greek, not Latin.  But the Anglican side had their Bishops’ Bible, and the Puritans preferred the widely popular—among Puritans and lay Anglicans alike—Geneva Bible (1560).</p>
<p>Geneva was a brilliant achievement, a product of the friendship struck between English Protestants and Calvin’s Geneva during the sanguine reign of Mary Tudor.  It represented the first translation of the full Old Testament from Hebrew into English.  (Coverdale, not knowing Hebrew, had worked from the Vulgate.)  The Hebrew sings rhythmically in Geneva’s English, with marvelous parallelisms and assonance.  Here we first hear such gems as “Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth” (Ecclesiastes 12:1).</p>
<p>The Anglican hierarchy recognized the brilliance and the power of the Geneva Bible, but they were bothered by what they (and the Catholics who produced Douay-Rheims) found to be an excess of Calvinism.  For starters, Geneva translates the Greek <i>episkopos</i> as <i>overseer </i>and<i> presbuteros </i>as<i> elder</i>, a matter of slight concern to bishops and priests.  But the real mischief, they believed, was in Geneva’s marginal notes.  There they seem to have found the whole of Calvin’s <i>Institutes</i>, including the offensive word <i>Mesopotamia</i>.</p>
<p>And so they produced the Bishops’ Bible, which was a philological disaster.  Lacking the Greek and Hebrew scholarship of their Calvinist enemies, they butchered the text.  “He maketh me to rest in green pasture” (Geneva) became “He will cause me to repose myself in pasture full of grass.”  Having purged themselves of the balm of Calvin, they asked, “Is there not treacle at Gilead?”</p>
<p>It should come as no surprise, then, that when Old Six and One arrived in England, he was beset by angry Puritans who did not want the “Treacle Bible” (as it came to be called) imposed upon their pulpits.  And so, at the Hampton Court Conference in 1603, King James decreed that a new version—one that would unify and edify all of England—should be produced.  To that end he appointed committees comprising both Anglicans and Puritans.  The catch, which showed favoritism to the former, was that this was not supposed to be a new translation <i>per se</i>, but a revision that would “make a good one better.”  The good one was the Treacle Bible.  And the proviso was that the “better one” should be free of “bitter [marginal] notes.”</p>
<p>And so they set about their task, finishing in 1611.  But what they produced was not a Supertreacle, but a conservative return to the best of Geneva and Geneva’s literary grandfather, William Tyndale.</p>
<p>Tyndale was a linguistic genius who devoted his life to the sacred text.  He was an early English Lutheran during the days in which Henry VIII defended the faith with the help of Thomas More.  Tyndale had embraced Luther’s idea that the Scriptures are as much for the plowboy as they are for the pastor.  Thomas More recognized Tyndale’s gift and thus devoted literally thousands of pages of vituperation to securing his demise.  (More’s Tyndale roamed the countryside “discharging a filthy foam of blasphemies out of his brutish beastly mouth,” serving Luther, who was “most fit to lick with his anterior the very posterior of a pissing she-mule.”)  Indeed, it was Tyndale, working from Greek instead of Latin, who first changed <i>bishop</i> to <i>overseer</i>, <i>priest</i> to <i>elder</i> or <i>senior</i>, <i>church</i> to <i>congregation</i>, and <i>charity</i> to <i>love</i>.  Thomas More noticed this more than once.</p>
<p>Tyndale’s monumental work was to make the first translation of the New Testament from Greek to English (as well as the Pentateuch from Hebrew).  And it was, as scholar David Daniell’s work shows, an exquisitely Anglo-Saxon English.  Unlike often multisyllabic Latinate English words, Anglo-Saxon English is quick and sharp.  As one of many examples, Daniell points out that, in the following passage from Tyndale’s Matthew 26, only <i>disciples</i> is Latinist English: “Then went Jesus with them unto a place which is called Gethsemane, and said unto the disciples, sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder.”  Even an old-fashioned preacher can read that quickly.</p>
<p>The austere John Wycliffe, some 200 years before, had translated from Latin.  Interestingly, Douay-Rheims and Wycliffe agree, word for word, on Genesis 1: “And God said, be light made.  And light was made.”  Tyndale, from the Hebrew, first gives us “Let there be light.”</p>
<p>All English Bibles after Tyndale (including Douay-Rheims) have borrowed from him, to greater or lesser extent, sometimes improving, sometimes—as with the Bishops’ Bible—not.  Computers can now tell us that 83 percent of the King James Bible is Tyndale.  Of course, the Anglican and Puritan scholars compared everything with the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, and even consulted the Vulgate.  But Tyndale was ringing in their ears.  Indeed, all of my previously cited common English phrases from King James were Tyndale’s.  He coined <i>the powers that be</i>.</p>
<p>In that sense, the KJV was conservative.  It ditched the Treacle in favor of the language that had already united and penetrated the minds of Englishmen, including Shakespeare.  (Notice the Tyndalian syllables of “O for a muse of fire, that would ascend the brightest heaven of invention,” in which only <i>ascend</i> and <i>invention</i> are distinctly Latinate.)  True, King James employs a neologism popularized by Shakespeare (<i>amazement—</i>Tyndale has “they were sore astonished<i>”</i>).  But the bulk of it was deliberately archaic.  For example, in 1611 the pronoun <i>ye</i> was no longer the common second-person nominative.  (Shakespeare freely uses <i>you</i>.)  But so memorable were the likes of Tyndale’s “Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you”—borrowed by Geneva, the Bishops’ Bible, and Douay-Rheims—that <i>ye</i> remained in King James in its older usage.  This deliberate archaism flouts the common objection hurled at the KJV today: <i>No one talks that way anymore</i>.  No one talked that way in 1611, either.</p>
<p>Don’t get me wrong: I’m no KJVO.  Those folks have various and sundry reasons why they demand that version, including a strong preference for the Greek text (the so-called Textus Receptus) that served as its base.  Setting aside an abstract evaluation of that abstract argument, I only note that Tyndale was the true <i>textus receptus</i> underneath the King James.  The chief problem with modern critical Greek texts is their abuse in the hands of liberals with an agenda, as was the case with the Revised Standard Version (1952) and its bias against the virgin birth of Christ.</p>
<p>What makes me sympathize with my KJVO friends is their instinctive notion of—of all things—catholicity.  The shared text of King James was indeed a unifier (<i>bishop</i> and <i>charity</i> won in 1611), both of warring factions and of generations.  The sacred text that my dear granny memorized and quoted freely is the sacred text that still permeates my imagination.  Biblically, I still think in Elizabethan.</p>
<p>Today, catholicity has given way to individualism and instant gratification.  New translations are churned out (it seems) annually.  It’s far more difficult for language to shape thought (“Let every thought be captive . . . ”) when it is constantly changing.  To today’s LOL Generation, “Don’t let the excitement of youth cause you to forget your Creator” (New Living Translation) is more immediately accessible than “Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth.”  But is it as penetrating—or memorable?</p>
<p><i>Aaron D. Wolf is </i>Chronicles<i>’ associate editor.</i></p>
<p><em>This article first appeared in the June 2011 issue of</em> Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture.</p>
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